Globalization is not disappearing. It is being reorganised around the management of strategic dependence.

Central proposition

The strongest response to concentration risk is neither frictionless globalization nor broad economic isolation. The monograph develops resilient interdependence as a framework for identifying material dependencies while preserving competition, scale, exchange and adjustment capacity.

Five principles

Map the system rather than the final supplier. Distinguish concentration from foreignness. Match policy instruments to the underlying failure. Preserve competition and adjustment. Preserve a multilateral floor, especially for smaller economies with limited bilateral bargaining power.

Implications

Countries seeking investment from reconfigured supply chains need reliable power, logistics, skills, standards, finance and credible institutions. For firms, geopolitical risk increasingly enters engineering, procurement, inventory, product design and capital-allocation decisions.

Evidence boundary

The work synthesises public institutional and academic evidence. Its framework is analytical. It does not predict a single future geography for trade or investment.